Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the model of care for Gestational Diabetes (GDM) management at Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital was adapted to include telehealth consultations to minimise unnecessary face to face interactions and mitigate contagion risk.
Aim: Assessment of pregnancy outcomes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: We analysed prospectively collected data of singleton GDM pregnancies (IADPSG/WHO2013 criteria). The pre-COVID period defined as March 2016-February 2020 and COVID period from March 2020-March 2021.
Baseline characteristics evaluated included age, ethnicity, pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational age at GDM diagnosis, diagnosis of GDM<20 weeks, HbA1c and 75g OGTT result. Outcomes assessed were need for insulin therapy, number of medical reviews, incidence of excessive weight gain(EGWG) during pregnancy(per IOM), pre-term delivery(<37 weeks) and caesarean section. Neonatal outcomes included infant gender, birthweight, small(SGA, <10th percentile) and large for gestational age(LGA, >90th percentile), shoulder dystocia, neonatal hypoglycaemia and jaundice. Independent sample t-tests and Chi-square/Fisher’s exact tests were used for continuous and categorical data respectively. P<0.05 indicated statistical significance.
Results:
1896 GDM women were included in this study, 292(15.4%) during COVID and 1604(84.6%) pre-COVID. During COVID, there was lower mean 1hr glucose(p<0.0001), 2hr glucose(p<0.001), HbA1c(p<0.001), later diagnosis of GDM(p<0.001) and a lower proportion diagnosed before 20 weeks(p<0.05) compared to pre-COVID. There were no other differences in baseline characteristics.
During the COVID period, there were similar rates of insulin use(48.6vs43.0%), number of medical reviews(7.0vs6.9 episodes), rates of EGWG(39.4vs36.0%), pre-term delivery(6.2vs 6.1), caesarean section(37.0vs34.6%), SGA(8.6vs8.4%), LGA(14.4vs11.4%), shoulder dystocia(1.0vs0.2%), neonatal hypoglycaemia(9.2vs10.2%) and neonatal jaundice (3.8vs5.0%) compared to pre-COVID(all outcomes, p=NS)
Conclusions: Increased use of teleconferencing during the initial 12 months of the COVID pandemic lead to similar pregnancy outcomes compared to the pre-COVID period. A model of care involving teleconferencing is likely to be retained as the “new-normal” in a post-COVID world. Future audits will ascertain whether comparable outcomes are maintained.